The most common increment of currencies is the Pip. If the EUR/USD moves from 1.2250 to 1.2251, that is ONE PIP. A pip is the last decimal place of a quotation. The Pip is how you measure your profit or loss.
As each currency has its own value, it is necessary to calculate the value of a pip for that particular currency. In currencies where the US Dollar is quoted first, the calculation would be as follows.
Let’s take USD/JPY rate at 119.80 (notice this currency pair only goes to two decimal places, most of the other currencies have four decimal places)
In the case of USD/JPY, 1 pip would be .01
Therefore,
USD/JPY:
119.80.01 divided by exchange rate = pip value.01 / 119.80 = 0.0000834
This looks like a very long number but later we will discuss lot size.
USD/CHF:
1.5250.0001 divided by exchange rate = pip value.0001 / 1.5250 = 0.0000655
USD/CAD:
1.4890.0001 divided by exchange rate = pip value.0001 / 1.4890 = 0.00006715
In the case where the US Dollar is not quoted first and we want to get the US Dollar value, we have to add one more step.
EUR/USD:
1.2200
.0001 divided by exchange rate = pip valueso.0001 / 1.2200 = EUR 0.0008196
but we need to get back to US dollars so we add another calculation which is
EUR x Exchange rateSo0.0008196 x 1.2200 = 0.00009999
When rounded up it would be 0.0001
GBP/USD:
1.7975.0001 divided by exchange rate = pip valueSo.0001 / 1.7975 = GBP 0.0000556
But we need to get back to US dollars so we add another calculation which is
GBP x Exchange rate
So0.0000556 x 1.7975 = 0.0000998
When rounded up it would be 0.0001
You’re probably rolling your eyes back and thinking do I really need to work all this out and the answer is no. Nearly all forex brokers will work all this out for you automatically. It’s always good for you to know how they work it out.